The Charnel House is a c.1944–1948 painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881–1973), purportedly dealing with the Nazi genocide of the Holocaust. The black and white 'grisaille' composition centres around a massed pile of corpses, and was based primarily upon film and photographs of a slaughtered family during the Spanish Civil War[1]. It is considered to be Picasso's second major anti-war painting, the first being the monumental Guernica (1937), but it is not thought to be as significant as that work because the artist left it unfinished[2]. Picasso spent at least six months working on The Charnel House which has iconographic links to the graphic work of Picasso's Spanish compatriot Francisco de Goya (1746–1828). Picasso's friend and biographer Pierre Daix records that the title of the painting was not one assigned to it originally by Picasso himself – the artist referred to The Charnel House as simply 'my painting' or 'the massacre'[3]; nevertheless, in later years after the Second World War Picasso refused to retitle the painting once its identity as Le Charnier or The Charnel House gained popularity, and it was first exhibited as such following Picasso's joining of the Communist Party in 1946.